For many potentially prebiotic chemical reactions, water is the enemy! Water reacts with organics to break down large molecules to make much smaller molecules. In many cases the large molecules are more important for life, and water is counterproductive to the chemical formation of these molecules. An example of this process is the formation of organophosphates. Organophosphates form by reaction of a phosphate with an organic compound (a larger molecule than the two pieces), and include such important molecules as DNA and RNA. However, when these molecules are formed, if there is water around, it will break them down to the simpler organic and phosphate. In this work, we maximized the formation of organophosphates in a chemical reaction using a solvent called a deep eutectic solvent. This mixture acts as excellent phosphorylation medium as it has no water, and hence acts to dry the chemicals when phosphate and an organic compound are heated in it. Such reactions could quite possibly arise on the early Earth through the evaporation of an aqueous solution with high concentrations of these two organic compounds making up the deep eutectic solvent

Read article http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-013-9605-9